Combatting Electoral Traces: The Dutch Tempest Discussion and Beyond

  • Authors:
  • Wolter Pieters

  • Affiliations:
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands 7500

  • Venue:
  • VOTE-ID '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on E-Voting and Identity
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

In the Dutch e-voting debate, the crucial issue leading to the abandonment of all electronic voting machines was compromising radiation, or tempest: it would be possible to eavesdrop on the choice of the voter by capturing the radiation from the machine. Other countries, however, do not seem to be bothered by this risk. In this paper, we use actor-network theory to analyse the socio-technical origins of the Dutch tempest issue in e-voting, and we introduce concepts for discussing its implications for e-voting beyond the Netherlands. We introduce the term electoral traces to denote any physical, digital or social evidence of a voter's choices in an election. From this perspective, we provide a framework for risk classification as well as an overview of countermeasures against such traces.