Predicate calculus and program semantics
Predicate calculus and program semantics
Theoretical Computer Science
PLC-automata: a new class of implementable real-time automata
Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue on real-time systems and concurrent and distributed software
Artificial Immune Systems: A New Computational Intelligence Paradigm
Artificial Immune Systems: A New Computational Intelligence Paradigm
Duration Calculus: A Formal Approach to Real-Time Systems (Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science. an Eatcs Seris)
Further Exploration of the Dendritic Cell Algorithm: Antigen Multiplier and Time Windows
ICARIS '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Artificial Immune Systems
Real-Time Systems: Formal Specification and Automatic Verification
Real-Time Systems: Formal Specification and Automatic Verification
Integrating real-time analysis with the dendritic cell algorithm through segmentation
Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
The application of a dendritic cell algorithm to a robotic classifier
ICARIS'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Artificial immune systems
Quiet in class: classification, noise and the dendritic cell algorithm
ICARIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial immune systems
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As one of the newest members in Artificial Immune Systems (AIS), the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) has been applied to a range of problems. These applications mainly belong to the field of anomaly detection. Real-time detection, a new challenge to anomaly detection, requires improvement on the real-time capability of the DCA. To assess such capability, formal methods in the research of real-time systems can be employed. The findings of the assessment can provide guideline for the future development of the algorithm. Therefore, in this paper we use an interval logic based method, named the Duration Calculus (DC), to specify a simplified single-cell model of the DCA. Based on the DC specifications with further induction, we find that each individual cell in the DCA can perform its function as a detector in real-time. Since the DCA can be seen as many such cells operating in parallel, it is potentially capable of performing real-time detection. However, the analysis process of the standard DCA constricts its real-time capability. As a result, we conclude that the analysis process of the standard DCA should be replaced by a real-time analysis component, which can perform periodic analysis for the purpose of real-time detection.