Adaptive protocols for information dissemination in wireless sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Energy-efficient differentiated directed diffusion (EDDD) in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Wireless Communications
IEEE Communications Magazine
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We propose a network quality aware routing (NQAR) mechanism to provide an enabling method of the delay-sensitive data delivery over error-prone wireless sensor networks. Unlike the existing routing methods that select routes with the shortest arrival latency or the minimum hop count, the proposed scheme adaptively selects the route based on the network qualities including link errors and collisions with minimum additional complexity. It is designed to avoid the paths with potential noise and collision that may cause many non-deterministic backoffs and retransmissions. We propose a generic framework to select a minimum cost route that takes the packet loss rate and collision history into account. NQAR uses a data centric approach to estimate a single-hop delay based on processing time, propagation delay, packet loss rate, number of backoffs, and the retransmission timeout between two neighboring nodes. This enables a source node to choose the shortest expected end-to-end delay path to send a delay-sensitive data. The experiment results show that NQAR reduces the end-to-end transfer delay up to approximately 50% in comparison with the latency-based directed diffusion and the hop count-based directed diffusion under the error-prone network environments. Moreover, NQAR performs better than other routing methods in terms of jitter, reachability, and network lifetime.