The impact of autocorrelation on queuing systems
Management Science
Experimental queueing analysis with long-range dependent packet traffic
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Wireless Networks - Special issue on performance evaluation methods for wireless networks
Simple and efficient models for variable bit rate MPEG video traffic
Performance Evaluation - Special issue on applied probability modelling in telecommunication
Cell Loss Ratio and Multiplexing Gain of an ATM Multiplexer for VBR Voice Sources
LCN '98 Proceedings of the 23rd Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
Sensing the state of voice sources to improve multiplexer performance
INFOCOM '95 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies (Vol. 1)-Volume - Volume 1
Loss-Tolerant QoS using Firm Constraints in Guaranteed Rate Networks
RTAS '04 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
A note on source models for speech traffic
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Performance analysis of secure session initiation protocol based VoIP networks
Computer Communications
Traffic models in broadband networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
A multiplexing scheme for H.323 voice-over-IP applications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Packet waiting time for multiplexed periodic on/off streams in the presence of overbooking
International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
Performance of PCN-based admission control under challenging conditions
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Resource management in satellite communication systems: heuristic schemes and algorithms
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Special issue on Resource Allocation in Communications and Computing
RCFT: A Termination Method for Simple PCN-Based Flow Control
Journal of Network and Systems Management
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In this paper, we analyze packet traces of widely used voice codecs and present analytical source models which describe their output by stochastic processes. Both the G.711 and the G.729.1 codec yield periodic packet streams with a fixed packet size, the G.723.1 as well as the iLBC codec use silence detection leading to an on/off process, and the GSM AMR and the iSAC codec produce periodic packet streams with variable packet sizes. We apply all codecs to a large set of typical speech samples and analyze the output of the codecs statistically. Based on these evaluations we provide quantitative models using standard and modified on/off processes as well as memory Markov chains. Our models are simple and easy to use. They are in good accordance with the original traces as they capture not only the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the on/off phase durations and the packet sizes, but also the autocorrelation function (ACF) of consecutive packet sizes as well as the queueing properties of the original traces. In contrast, voice traffic models used in most of today's simulations or analytical studies fail to reproduce the ACF and the queueing properties of original traces. This possibly leads to underestimation of performance measures like the waiting time or loss probabilities. The models proposed in this paper do not suffer from this shortcoming and present an attractive alternative for use in future performance studies.