Towards a general theory of action and time
Artificial Intelligence
Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse
Computational Linguistics
Aspect, aspectual class, and the temporal structure of narrative
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on tense and aspect
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on tense and aspect
Centering: a framework for modeling the local coherence of discourse
Computational Linguistics
Assessing agreement on classification tasks: the kappa statistic
Computational Linguistics
Limited attention and discourse structure
Computational Linguistics
Minimizing Cumulative Error in Discourse Context
ECAI '96 Workshop on Dialogue Processing in Spoken Language Systems
Empirical studies in discourse
Computational Linguistics
Natural language dialogue service for appointment scheduling agents
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Insights into the dialogue processing of VERBMOBIL
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Intention-based segmentation: human reliability and correlation with linguistic cues
ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Discourse processing of dialogues with multiple threads
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Combining multiple knowledge sources for discourse segmentation
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Investigating cue selection and placement in tutorial discourse
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A prosodic analysis of discourse segments in direction-giving monologues
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Inferring discourse relations in context
ACL '92 Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Tense trees as the "fine structure" of discourse
ACL '92 Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Resolving bridging references in unrestricted text
ANARESOLUTION '97 Proceedings of a Workshop on Operational Factors in Practical, Robust Anaphora Resolution for Unrestricted Texts
A Grammar-Based System to Solve Temporal Expressions in Spanish Texts
PorTAL '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Natural Language Processing
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Introduction to the special issue on temporal information processing
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP) - Special Issue on Temporal Information Processing
Guidelines for annotating temporal information
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Robust temporal processing of news
ACL '00 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A multilingual approach to annotating and extracting temporal information
TASIP '01 Proceedings of the workshop on Temporal and spatial information processing - Volume 13
The annotation of temporal information in natural language sentences
TASIP '01 Proceedings of the workshop on Temporal and spatial information processing - Volume 13
Applying machine learning to Chinese temporal relation resolution
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Understanding temporal expressions in emails
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
An analysis of bootstrapping for the recognition of temporal expressions
SemiSupLearn '09 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2009 Workshop on Semi-Supervised Learning for Natural Language Processing
Learning sentence-internal temporal relations
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Inferring strategies for sentence ordering in multidocument news summarization
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Probabilistic head-driven parsing for discourse structure
CONLL '05 Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
Assessing context for age-related Spanish temporal phrases
AICS'09 Proceedings of the 20th Irish conference on Artificial intelligence and cognitive science
What determines inter-coder agreement in manual annotations? a meta-analytic investigation
Computational Linguistics
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Scheduling dialogs, during which people negotiate the times of appointments, are common in everyday life. This paper reports the results of an in-depth empirical investigation of resolving explicit temporal references in scheduling dialogs. There are four phases of this work: data annotation and evaluation, model development, system implementation and evaluation, and model evaluation and analysis. The system and model were developed primarily on one set of data, and then applied later to a much more complex data set, to assess the generalizability of the model for the task being performed. Many different types of empirical methods are applied to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. Detailed annotation instructions were developed and an intercoder reliability study was performed, showing that naive annotators can reliably perform the targeted annotations. A fully automatic system has been developed and evaluated on unseen test data, with good results on both data sets. We adopt a pure realization of a recency-based focus model to identify precisely when it is and is not adequate for the task being addressed. In addition to system results, an in-depth evaluation of the model itself is presented, based on detailed manual annotations. The results are that few errors occur specifically due to the model of focus being used, and the set of anaphoric relations defined in the model are low in ambiguity for both data sets.