A model and stack implementation of multiple environments
Communications of the ACM
Reasoning from Incomplete Knowledge in a Procedural Deduction System
Reasoning from Incomplete Knowledge in a Procedural Deduction System
An approach to deductive question-answering systems
ACM SIGART Bulletin
Communications of the ACM
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We describe a knowledge representation scheme called KNET and a problem solving system called SNIFFER designed to answer queries using a K-NET knowledge base. K-NET uses a partitioned semantic net to combine the expressive capabilities of the first-order predicate calculus with linkage to procedural knowledge and with full indexing of objects to the relationships in which they participate. Facilities are also included for representing taxonomies of sets and for maintaining hierarchies of contexts. SNIFFER is a manager and coordinator of deductive and problem-solving processes. The basic system includes a logically complete set of natural deduction facilities that do not require statements to be converted into clause or prenex normal form. Using SNIFFER's coroutine-based control structure, alternative proofs may be constructed in pseudo-parallel and results shared among them. In addition, SNIFFER can also manage the application of specialist procedures that have specific knowledge about a particular domain or about the topology of the K-NET structures, for example, specialist procedures are used to manipulate taxonomic information and to link the system to information in external data bases.