A novelty detection approach to classification

  • Authors:
  • Nathalie Japkowicz;Catherine Myers;Mark Gluck

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey;Aidekman Research Center, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey;Aidekman Research Center, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey

  • Venue:
  • IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
  • Year:
  • 1995

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Abstract

Novelty Detection techniques are concept-learning methods that proceed by recognizing positive instances of a concept rather than differentiating between its positive and negative instances. Novelty Detection approaches consequently require very few, if any, negative training instances. This paper presents a particular Novelty Detection approach to classification that uses a Redundancy Compression and Non-Redundancy Differentiation technique based on the [Gluck & Myers, 1993] model of the hippocampus, a part of the brain critically involved in learning and memory. In particular, this approach consists of training an autoencoder to reconstruct positive input instances at the output layer and then using this autoencoder to recognize novel instances. Classification is possible, after training, because positive instances are expected to be reconstructed accurately while negative instances are not. The purpose of this paper is to compare HIPPO, the system that implements this technique, to C4.5 and feedforward neural network classification on several applications.