Planning English Sentences
The processing of referring expressions within a semantic network
TINLAP '78 Proceedings of the 1978 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing
Reference and pragmatic identification
TINLAP '87 Proceedings of the 1987 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Donnellan's distinction and a computational model of reference
ACL '86 Proceedings of the 24th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
ACL '85 Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Generating referential descriptions in multimedia environments
ReferringPhenomena '97 Referring Phenomena in a Multimedia Context and their Computational Treatment
Planning referential acts for animated presentation agents
ReferringPhenomena '97 Referring Phenomena in a Multimedia Context and their Computational Treatment
Attribute selection for referring expression generation: new algorithms and evaluation methods
INLG '08 Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference
Introducing shared tasks to NLG: the TUNA shared task evaluation challenges
Empirical methods in natural language generation
Computational generation of referring expressions: A survey
Computational Linguistics
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We present a model of referring within the framework of a general theory of speech acts and rationality. Following an act of referring, the hearer is expected to accomplish two tasks: first, recognize the speaker's literal goal, and second, recognize and satisfy the identification constraints. We show how the literal goal of referring is achieved, and how referent identification is possible without the formal device of standard names. Furthermore, we show how referring expressions can be used to inform and make requests. This theory has application to the design of a natural-language utterance planning system that formulates utterances to achieve its goals.