Metric Index: An Efficient and Scalable Solution for Similarity Search

  • Authors:

  • David Novak;Michal Batko

  • Affiliations:

  • -;-

  • Venue:
  • SISAP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Workshop on Similarity Search and Applications
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

Metric space as a universal and versatile model of similarity can be applied in various areas of non-text information retrieval. However, a general, efficient and scalable solution for metric data management is still a resisting research challenge. We introduce a novel indexing and searching mechanism called Metric Index (M-Index), that employs practically all known principles of metric space partitioning, pruning and filtering. The heart of the M-Index is a general mapping mechanism that enables to actually store the data in well-established structures such as the B+-tree or even in a distributed storage. We have implemented the M-Index with B+-tree and performed experiments on a combination of five MPEG-7 descriptors in a database of hundreds of thousands digital images. The experiments put under test several M-Index variants and compare them with two orthogonal approaches – the PM-Tree and the iDistance. The trials show that the M-Index outperforms the others in terms of efficiency of search-space pruning, I/O costs, and response times for precise similarity queries. Furthermore, the M-Index demonstrates an excellent ability to keep similar data close in the index which makes its approximation algorithm very efficient – maintaining practically constant response times while preserving a very high recall as the dataset grows.