Measurement and analysis of the error characteristics of an in-building wireless network
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
UAI '88 Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
TAG: a Tiny AGgregation service for ad-hoc sensor networks
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
The design of an acquisitional query processor for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Gossip-Based Computation of Aggregate Information
FOCS '03 Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Approximate Aggregation Techniques for Sensor Databases
ICDE '04 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach
Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach
Synopsis diffusion for robust aggregation in sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Hybrid sensor networks: a small world
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Tributaries and deltas: efficient and robust aggregation in sensor network streams
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
ExScal: Elements of an Extreme Scale Wireless Sensor Network
RTCSA '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
The Tenet architecture for tiered sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Aggregation methods for large-scale sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Query Processing in Sensor Networks
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Fault tolerant aggregation in heterogeneous sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
GIST: group-independent spanning tree for data aggregation in dense sensor networks
DCOSS'06 Proceedings of the Second IEEE international conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
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Sensor networks are finding significant applications in large scale distributed systems. One of the basic operations in sensor networks is in-network aggregation. Among the various approaches to in-network aggregation, such as gossip and tree, including the hash-based techniques, the tree-based approaches have better performance and energy-saving characteristics. However, sensor networks are highly prone to failures. Numerous techniques suggested in the literature to counteract the effect of failures have not been carefully analyzed. In this paper, we focus on the performance of these tree-based aggregation techniques in the presence of failures. First, we identify a fault model that captures the important failure traits of the system. Then, we analyze the correctness of simple tree aggregation with our fault model. We then use the same fault model to analyze the techniques that utilize redundant trees to improve the variance. The impact of techniques for maintaining the correctness under faults, such as rebuilding or locally fixing the tree, is then studied under the same fault model. We also do the cost-benefit analysis of using the hash-based schemes which are based on FM sketches. We conclude that these fault tolerance techniques for tree aggregation do not necessarily result in substantial improvement in fault tolerance.