Reliability through frequency diversity: why channel hopping makes sense

Authors:
Thomas Watteyne;Ankur Mehta;Kris Pister
Affiliations:
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Venue:
Proceedings of the 6th ACM symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
Year:
2009

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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) face the challenge of ensuring end-to-end communication while operating over individually unreliable wireless links. This paper addresses channel hopping, a class of frequency diverse communication protocols in which subsequent packets are sent over different frequency channels. Channel hopping combats external interference and persistent multipath fading, two of the main causes of failure along a communication link. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first to address the impact of channel hopping on routing. We simulate the performance of channel hopping and single channel solutions on connectivity traces gathered from a real-world office WSN deployment. Results indicate that the most basic channel hopping protocol increases connectivity along communication links, improving network efficiency (measured by the expected transmission count ETX) by 56% and network stability (measured by the average churn) by 38%. Further improvement can be achieved through the use of whitelisting - selective channel hopping over a subset of the available frequencies.