Security without identification: transaction systems to make big brother obsolete
Communications of the ACM
Networks without user observability—design options
Proc. of a workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology---EUROCRYPT '85
The dining cryptographers problem: unconditional sender and recipient untraceability
Journal of Cryptology
Computer and communication systems performance modelling
Computer and communication systems performance modelling
Unconditional sender and recipient untraceability in spite of active attacks
EUROCRYPT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
Applied cryptography (2nd ed.): protocols, algorithms, and source code in C
Crowds: anonymity for Web transactions
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Web MIXes: a system for anonymous and unobservable Internet access
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
Rethinking Public Key Infrastructures and Digital Certificates: Building in Privacy
Rethinking Public Key Infrastructures and Digital Certificates: Building in Privacy
Cryptography: Theory and Practice
Cryptography: Theory and Practice
Computer Networks
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
ISDN-MIXes: Untraceable Communication with Small Bandwidth Overhead
Kommunikation in Verteilten Systemen, Grundlagen, Anwendungen, Betrieb, GI/ITG-Fachtagung
Efficient Anonymous Multicast and Reception (Extended Abstract)
CRYPTO '97 Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
FOCS '95 Proceedings of the 36th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
SNDSS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security (SNDSS '96)
Preserving privacy in a network of mobile computers
SP '95 Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
NON-DISCRETIONARY ACCESS CONTROL FOR DECENTRALIZED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
NON-DISCRETIONARY ACCESS CONTROL FOR DECENTRALIZED COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Local anonymity in the internet
Local anonymity in the internet
Introduction to Probability Models, Ninth Edition
Introduction to Probability Models, Ninth Edition
Information-theoretic computation complexity
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Anonymous connections and onion routing
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Real-time mixes: a bandwidth-efficient anonymity protocol
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Anonymous authentication protocol for GSM networks
International Journal of Security and Networks
An efficient electronic marketplace bidding auction protocol with bid privacy
APWeb'08 Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific web conference on Progress in WWW research and development
Empirical tests of anonymous voice over IP
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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The Internet promises an ever-increasing variety of services available anytime, almost anywhere, to anyone of just about any experience level. Thus, in many respects, the virtual world has become a viable alternative to our real world, where we can buy anything from a dishwasher to personal services, or publish any information we choose on a personal web site. With all of the convenience and freely available information that this virtual world provides, it has one major problem: in the real world people can nearly always exert some control over their privacy. If they choose, they can study in absolute solitude or meet with others in private rooms, or they can anonymously buy a magazine. However, on the Internet, users have few controls, if any, over the privacy of their actions. Each communication leaves trails here or there and there is always someone who can follow these trails back to the user. Thus, should we just forget about having privacy in the Internet as others have proclaimed? The one path towards enabling true network privacy is to provide anonymity. Anonymity services can allow users to carry out their activities anonymously and unobservably on the Internet. In this work, we investigate the following technical questions: what is network anonymity, what are the various techniques for reliably achieving anonymity, and what are their associated impacts on network performance and user experience. Our emphasis is on deployable systems for the Internet that provide strong anonymity against a strong attacker model. We present the network anonymity techniques (algorithms) suggested in the past and the ones currently in use, and then we discuss possible anonymity techniques of the future. We present the accepted terminology for discussing anonymity, and the definition and different measures of anonymity. However, throughout our discussions we pay particular attention to the analysis of network performance in the presence of anonymity mechanisms.