SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
The PIM architecture for wide-area multicast routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The multimedia multicasting problem
Multimedia Systems
IP multicast channels: EXPRESS support for large-scale single-source applications
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
A rearrangeable algorithm for the construction delay-constrained dynamic multicast trees
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A new distributed route selection approach for channel establishment in real-time networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
QoS-aware multicast routing for the internet: the design and evaluation of QoSMIC
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Heuristic algorithms for multiconstrained quality-of-service routing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Adaptive Core Selection and Migration Method for Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A Distributed Algorithm for Delay-Constrained Unicast Routing
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
On the Performance and Feasibility of Multicast Core Selection Heuristics
IC3N '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
Active Multicast Core Migration
ICON '00 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Networks
Core selection methods for multicast routing
ICCCN '95 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
An efficient core migration protocol for QoS in mobile ad hoc networks
PCC '02 Proceedings of the Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2002. on 21st IEEE International
Intra- and inter-domain multicast routing protocols: A survey and taxonomy
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
A case for tree migration and integrated tree maintenance in QoS multicasting
Computer Communications
Improved fault recovery for core based trees
Computer Communications
A protocol for scalable loop-free multicast routing
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A QoS-aware multicast routing protocol
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Multicast routing and its QoS extension: problems, algorithms, and protocols
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Multicast routing algorithms and protocols: a tutorial
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
SoMR: A scalable distributed QoS multicast routing protocol
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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The continuous growth of group communications and QoS-aware applications over the Internet have accelerated the development of multicasting technologies. The Core-Based Tree (CBT) multicasting approach provides a scalable solution for large groups and for large networks, such as the Internet. However, unlike in shortest-path trees, the quality (tree cost) of the CBT may eventually degrade over time due to group dynamics (join/leave). In order to counteract this degradation, the core may be migrated and a new tree constructed. The method of migrating group members from the old core to the new core has a profound impact on the quality of the tree and also on the service disruption experienced by group members. Thus, there exists a trade-off between tree cost and service disruption as higher rate of migration decreases the overall tree cost but results in more service disruption. In this paper, we develop a new paradigm for tree migration, namely tree evolution. The proposed tree evolution model (Split-based Tree Evolution Protocol) provides an elegant solution that strikes a balance between service disruption and tree cost for highly dynamic groups. We propose two forms of evolution, viz. QoS-based and timer-based. We provide an analysis to estimate the evolution timer which determines the number of cores present in the group, and also compare and contrast the merits of tree evolution versus tree migration through extensive simulation studies. We also provide a soft state implementation of the evolution protocol which is an extension of the CBT soft state approach. Our simulation studies show that the proposed evolution model demonstrates excellent tree cost and service disruption for highly dynamic groups.