TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
TCP/IP illustrated (vol. 1): the protocols
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Pricing in computer networks: reshaping the research agenda
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Optical burst switching (OBS) - a new paradigm for an optical Internet
Journal of High Speed Networks - Special issue on optical networking
Load-sensitive routing of long-lived IP flows
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Estimating the heavy tail index from scaling properties
Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability
Difficulties in simulating the internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Pop-level and access-link-level traffic dynamics in a tier-1 POP
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
New directions in traffic measurement and accounting
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Connection-level analysis and modeling of network traffic
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Controlling high bandwidth aggregates in the network
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the characteristics and origins of internet flow rates
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A pragmatic definition of elephants in internet backbone traffic
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Automatically inferring patterns of resource consumption in network traffic
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Understanding the End-to-End Performance Impact of RED in a Heterogeneous Environment
Understanding the End-to-End Performance Impact of RED in a Heterogeneous Environment
Understanding Internet traffic streams: dragonflies and tortoises
IEEE Communications Magazine
A parameterizable methodology for Internet traffic flow profiling
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
A Statistical Analysis of Network Parameters for the Self-management of Lambda-Connections
AIMS '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security: Scalability of Networks and Services
Effective high speed traffic replay based on IP space
ICACT'09 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Advanced Communication Technology - Volume 1
High throughput and large capacity pipelined dynamic search tree on FPGA
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A preliminary analysis of TCP performance in an enterprise network
INM/WREN'10 Proceedings of the 2010 internet network management conference on Research on enterprise networking
On the characteristics and reasons of long-lived internet flows
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Analysis of the impact of sampling on NetFlow traffic classification
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Understanding bufferbloat in cellular networks
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Cellular networks: operations, challenges, and future design
On using virtual circuits for GridFTP transfers
SC '12 Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
On the Accuracy of Packet Delay Estimation in Distributed Service Networks
Journal of Network and Systems Management
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Previous studies of Internet traffic have shown that a very small percentage of flows consume most of the network bandwidth. It is important to understand the characteristics of such flows for traffic monitoring and modeling purposes. Several prior researchers have characterized such flows using different classification schemes: by size as elephant and mice; by duration as tortoise and dragonfly; and by burstiness as alpha and beta traffic. However, it is not clear how these different definitions of flows are related to each other. In this work, using data recorded from two different operational networks, we study these ''heavy-hitter'' flows in four different dimensions, namely size, duration, rate and burstiness, and examine how they are correlated. This paper makes three contributions: first, we systematically characterize prior definitions for the properties of such heavy-hitter traffic. Second, based on our datasets, we observe that there are strong correlations between some combinations of size, rate and burstiness. Finally, we provide a plausible explanation for the observed correlations. We show that these correlations could be explained by transport and application-level protocol mechanisms.