Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
System architecture directions for networked sensors
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Middleware challenges for wireless sensor networks
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Ad Hoc Networking
IEEE Communications Magazine
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Review: A survey on cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Time synchronization may play a key role in wireless sensor networks to meet real-time and energy-saving requirements and improve data-fusion and multiplexing efficiency. In this paper, under given constraints of hardware and mathematical models, we have studied performance limitations of the time synchronization for wireless sensor networks in terms of synchronization accuracy. First, sources of synchronization errors have been identified and a mathematical model has been introduced to analyze time synchronization schemes. Second, error distributions and the accuracy limitations have been formulated according to different error-source parameters. Third, a lightweight protocol is proposed, which is capable of approaching the performance limit as well as suppressing the communication overheads. Our idea is based on the observation that there is synchronization-error correlation between nodes receiving the same sequence of time-synchronization packets. Finally the theoretical analyses have been validated by simulation results.