Performance evaluation of Forward Error Correction in ATM networks
SIGCOMM '92 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures & protocols
End-to-end packet delay and loss behavior in the internet
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
A histogram-based model for video traffic behavior in an ATM multiplexer
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The Markov-modulated Poisson process (MMPP) cookbook
Performance Evaluation
Conference proceedings on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
New models for pseudo self-similar traffic
Performance Evaluation - Special issue on applied probability modelling in telecommunication
Introduction to matrix analysis (2nd ed.)
Introduction to matrix analysis (2nd ed.)
On the Utility of FEC Mechanisms for Audio Applications
COST 263 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Quality of Future Internet Services
Utility Analysis of Simple FEC Schemes for VoIP
NETWORKING '02 Proceedings of the Second International IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; and Mobile and Wireless Communications
Modeling IP traffic using the batch Markovian arrival process
Performance Evaluation - Modelling techniques and tools for computer performance evaluation
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Packet size distribution: an aside?
QoS-IP'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks
Are multiple descriptions better than one?
NETWORKING'05 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems
The ballot theorem strikes again: packet loss process distribution
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Loss probabilities for messages with redundant packets feeding a finite buffer
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Joint source/FEC rate selection for quality-optimal MPEG-2 video delivery
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Stability and performance of overlay multicast systems employing forward error correction
Performance Evaluation
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For multimedia traffic like VBR video, knowledge of the average loss probability is not sufficient to determine the impact of loss on the perceived visual quality and on the possible ways of improving it, for example by forward error correction (FEC) and error concealment. In this paper we investigate how the packet size distribution affects the packet loss process, i.e., the probability of consecutive losses and the distribution of the number of packets lost in a block of packets and the related FEC performance. We present an exact mathematical model for the loss process of an MMPP+MMPP/E"r/1/K queue and compare the results of the model to simulations performed with various other packet size distributions (PSDs), among others, the measured PSD from an Internet backbone. The results show that analytical models of the PSD matching the first three moments (mean, variance and skewness) of the empirical PSD can be used to evaluate the performance of FEC in real networks. We conclude that the exponential PSD, though it is not a worst case scenario, is a good approximation for the PSD of today's Internet to evaluate FEC performance. We also conclude that the packet size distribution affects the packet loss process and thus the efficiency of FEC mainly in access networks where a single multimedia stream might affect the multiplexing behavior. We evaluate how the PSD affects the accuracy of the widely used Gilbert model to calculate FEC performance and conclude that the Gilbert model can capture loss correlations better if the CoV of the PSD is high.