Development of the domain name system
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
An analysis of wide-area name server traffic: a study of the Internet Domain Name System
SIGCOMM '92 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures & protocols
An investigation of geographic mapping techniques for internet hosts
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
DNS performance and the effectiveness of caching
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Diversity in DNS performance measures
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Proactive Caching of DNS Records: Addressing a Performance Bottleneck
SAINT '01 Proceedings of the 2001 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2001)
Distributed DNS troubleshooting
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network troubleshooting: research, theory and operations practice meet malfunctioning reality
Availability, usage, and deployment characteristics of the domain name system
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
CoDNS: improving DNS performance and reliability via cooperative lookups
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Using the domain name system for system break-ins
SSYM'95 Proceedings of the 5th conference on USENIX UNIX Security Symposium - Volume 5
A new naming and name resolution mapping system
CAR'10 Proceedings of the 2nd international Asia conference on Informatics in control, automation and robotics - Volume 3
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
Resolvers Revealed: Characterizing DNS Resolvers and their Clients
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
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During the past twenty years the Domain Name System (DNS) has sustained phenomenal growth while maintaining satisfactory user-level performance. However, the original design focused mainly on system robustness against physical failures, and neglected the impact of operational errors such as misconfigurations. Our measurement efforts have revealed a number of misconfigurations in DNS today: delegation inconsistency, lame delegation, diminished server redundancy, and cyclic zone dependency. Zones with configuration errors suffer from reduced availability and increased query delays up to an order of magnitude. The original DNS design assumed that redundant DNS servers fail independently, but our measurements show that operational choices create dependencies between servers. We found that, left unchecked, DNS configuration errors are widespread. Specifically, lame delegation affects 15% of the measured DNS zones, delegation inconsistency appears in 21% of the zones, diminished server redundancy is even more prevalent, and cyclic dependency appears in 2% of the zones. We also noted that the degrees of misconfiguration vary from zone to zone, with the most popular zones having the lowest percentage of errors. Our results indicate that DNS, as well as any other truly robust large-scale system, must include systematic checking mechanisms to cope with operational errors.