R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An Open System for Spatial Information Services
WI-IATW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology
Validation and Storage of Polyhedra through Constrained Delaunay Tetrahedralization
GIScience '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Geographic Information Science
A simplicial complex-based DBMS approach to 3D topographic data modelling
International Journal of Geographical Information Science
Sheet 280-Fossombrone 3D: A study project for a new geological map of Italy in three dimensions
Computers & Geosciences
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Topological analysis of 3D building models using a spatial query language
Advanced Engineering Informatics
5D data modelling: full integration of 2D/3D space, time and scale dimensions
GIScience'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Geographic information science
Design of a Java spatial extension for relational databases
Journal of Systems and Software
OTM'05 Proceedings of the 2005 OTM Confederated international conference on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems
Octree-based indexing for 3D pointclouds within an Oracle Spatial DBMS
Computers & Geosciences
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There is a growing interest in modelling the world in three dimensions, both in applications and in science. At the same time, geographical information systems are changing into integrated architecture in which administrative and spatial data are maintained in one environment. It is for this reason that mainstream Data Base Management Systems (DBMSs) have implemented spatial data types according to the 'Simple Feature Specifications for SQL', described by the OpenGeospatial Consortium. However, these specifications are 2D, as indeed are the implementations in DBMSs. At the Section GIS Technology of TU Delft, research has been carried out in which a 3D primitive was implemented in a DBMS (Oracle Spatial). To explore the possibilities and complications, a fairly simple 3D primitive was chosen to start with: a polyhedron. In the future the study will be extended with more complex primitives, the ultimate aim being to build 3D models with features closer to the real world. Besides the data structure, a validation function was developed to check the geometric accuracy of the data. Rules for validation were established and translated into prototype implementations with the aid of literature. In order to manipulate the data, a list of useful 3D functions was specified. Most of these were translated into algorithms, which were implemented in the DBMS. The algorithms for these functions were obtained from the relevant literature. The research also comprised a comparative performance test on spatial indexing in 2D and 3D, using an R-tree. Finally, existing software was used to visualize 3D objects structured with the implemented 3D primitive. This research is a first attempt to implement a true 3D primitive in a DBMS. Future research will focus on extending and improving the implementations and on optimizing maintenance and query of 3D objects in DBMSs.