Regular simplex fingerprints and their optimality properties

  • Authors:
  • Negar Kiyavash;Pierre Moulin;Ton Kalker

  • Affiliations:
  • Coordinated Science Laboratory, Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;Beckman Institute, the Coordinated Science Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Multimedia Communication and Networking Department, Palo Alto, CA

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

This paper addresses the design of additive fingerprints that are maximally resilient against linear collusion attacks on a focused correlation detector, as defined below. Let N be the length of the host vector and M ≤ N + 1 the number of users. The focused detector performs a correlation test in order to decide whether a user of interest is among the colluders. Both the fingerprint embedder and the colluders are subject to squared-error distortion constraints. We show that simplex fingerprints maximize a geometric figure of merit for this detector. In that sense they outperform orthogonal fingerprints but the advantage vanishes as M → ∞. They are also optimal in terms of minimizing the probability of error of the focused detector when the attack is a uniform averaging of the marked copies followed by the addition of white Gaussian noise. Reliable detection is guaranteed provided that the number of colluders K ≪ √N. Moreover, we study the probability of error performance of simplex fingerprints for the focused correlation detector when the colluders use nonuniform averaging plus white Gaussian noise attacks.