OHSUMED: an interactive retrieval evaluation and new large test collection for research
SIGIR '94 Proceedings of the 17th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Text Categorization with Suport Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features
ECML '98 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Machine Learning
Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Query chains: learning to rank from implicit feedback
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery in data mining
SVM selective sampling for ranking with application to data retrieval
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery in data mining
Learning to rank using gradient descent
ICML '05 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Machine learning
Adapting ranking SVM to document retrieval
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Ranking with multiple hyperplanes
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
AdaRank: a boosting algorithm for information retrieval
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
MiSearch adaptive pubMed search tool
Bioinformatics
Dynamic concept ontology construction for pubmed queries
DTMBIO '10 Proceedings of the ACM fourth international workshop on Data and text mining in biomedical informatics
Exact indexing for support vector machines
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
iKernel: Exact indexing for support vector machines
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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Background: Finding relevant articles from PubMed is challenging because it is hard to express the user's specific intention in the given query interface, and a keyword query typically retrieves a large number of results. Researchers have applied machine learning techniques to find relevant articles by ranking the articles according to the learned relevance function. However, the process of learning and ranking is usually done offline without integrated with the keyword queries, and the users have to provide a large amount of training documents to get a reasonable learning accuracy. This paper proposes a novel multi-level relevance feedback system for PubMed, called RefMed, which supports both ad-hoc keyword queries and a multi-level relevance feedback in real time on PubMed. Results: RefMed supports a multi-level relevance feedback by using the RankSVM as the learning method, and thus it achieves higher accuracy with less feedback. RefMed ``tightly`` integrates the RankSVM into RDBMS to support both keyword queries and the multi-level relevance feedback in real time; the tight coupling of the RankSVM and DBMS substantially improves the processing time. An efficient parameter selection method for the RankSVM is also proposed, which tunes the RankSVM parameter without performing validation. Thereby, RefMed achieves a high learning accuracy in real time without performing a validation process. RefMed is accessible at {\sf http://dm.postech.ac.kr/refmed}. Conclusions: RefMed is the first multi-level relevance feedback system for PubMed, which achieves a high accuracy with less feedback. It effectively learns an accurate relevance function from the user's feedback and efficiently processes the function to return relevant articles in real time.