Modern heuristic techniques for combinatorial problems
A solution of the bicriteria vehicle scheduling problems with time and area-dependent travel speeds
Computers and Industrial Engineering
Time-Varying Travel Times in Vehicle Routing
Transportation Science
Computers and Industrial Engineering
A variable neighborhood search for the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with loading cost
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Many mathematical models have been presented for the vehicle routing problem (VRP) in research papers. Most of them assume that the travel speeds are constant, and ignore the fact that travel speeds can change throughout the day. In this research, based on time-dependent travel speeds, an optimization method is proposed for solving goods assignment and vehicle routing problems. Moreover, in the optimization method, the travel time calculation satisfies the ''non-passing'' property, which is ignored in most research papers. A real case of a 3C warehousing company and a larger simulated problem are introduced to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is efficient and effective in solving problems.