A bipartite strengthening of the Crossing Lemma

  • Authors:
  • Jacob Fox;János Pach;Csaba D. Tóth

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States;City College, CUNY, United States and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland and Courant Institute, NYU, New York, NY, United States;Department of Mathematics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series B
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

Let G=(V,E) be a graph with n vertices and m=4n edges drawn in the plane. The celebrated Crossing Lemma states that G has at least @W(m^3/n^2) pairs of crossing edges; or equivalently, there is an edge that crosses @W(m^2/n^2) other edges. We strengthen the Crossing Lemma for drawings in which any two edges cross in at most O(1) points. An @?-grid in the drawing of G is a pair E"1,E"2@?E of disjoint edge subsets each of size @? such that every edge in E"1 intersects every edge in E"2. If every pair of edges of G intersect in at most k points, then G contains an @?-grid with @?=c"km^2/n^2, where c"k0 only depends on k. Without any assumption on the number of points in which edges cross, we prove that G contains an @?-grid with @?=m^2/n^2polylog(m/n). If G is dense, that is, m=@Q(n^2), our proof demonstrates that G contains an @?-grid with @?=@W(n^2/logn). We show that this bound is best possible up to a constant factor by constructing a drawing of the complete bipartite graph K"n","n using expander graphs in which the largest @?-grid satisfies @?=@Q(n^2/logn).