Digital halftoning
Edge behavior of error diffusion
ICIP '95 Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 3)-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Digital halftoning as 2-D delta-sigma modulation
ICIP '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP '97) 3-Volume Set-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Modern Digital Halftoning, Second Edition
Modern Digital Halftoning, Second Edition
Adaptive methods for dithering color images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Modeling and quality assessment of halftoning by error diffusion
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Adaptive threshold modulation for error diffusion halftoning
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Design and analysis of vector color error diffusion halftoning systems
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Tone-dependent error diffusion
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hierarchical colorant-based direct binary search halftoning
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper develops a distinctive class of color error diffusion algorithm, called hierarchical error diffusion (HED). It aims to achieve perceptually pleasing color halftone through neither conventional joint quantization nor interchannel error diffusion. Instead, it explicitly controls three critical factors sequentially to yield high-quality color halftone: dot-overlapping control, dot-positioning control, and dot-coloring control. A specific implementation of HED is presented with the objective of minimum brightness variation rendering (MBVR). First, an optimal color transform is derived for dot-overlapping control to achieve minimum brightness variation color density (MBVCD). Then, the embedded monochrome error diffusion is employed in dot-positioning control. By sequentially thresholding the elements in partial density sum vector, better dot-positioning is encouraged for more visible color dots. The "blue noise" characteristics of dot-positioning from the monochrome error diffusion are inherited by the color halftone. The simple density priority strategy is applied in dot-coloring control. The pixel color error is diffused channel-independently with a single error filter in halftone dot color space. A comparison with the state-of-the-art color error diffusion algorithms demonstrates excellent halftone quality of HED, while without the typical artifacts of vector error diffusion. Evidence also shows that HEDis closer to achieveMBVRthan the minimum brightness variation quantization (MBVQ) color diffusion algorithm proposed in [32].