Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Think globally, fit locally: unsupervised learning of low dimensional manifolds
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Face Recognition Using Laplacianfaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neighborhood Preserving Embedding
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Graph Embedding and Extensions: A General Framework for Dimensionality Reduction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Locally linear embedding: a survey
Artificial Intelligence Review
Geometrically local embedding in manifolds for dimension reduction
Pattern Recognition
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Neighborhood preserving embedding (NPE) is a linear approximation to the locally linear embedding algorithm which can preserve the local neighborhood structure on the data manifold. However, in typical face recognition where the number of data samples is smaller than the dimension of data space, it is difficult to directly apply NPE to high dimensional matrices because of computational complexity. Moreover, in such case, NPE often suffers from the singularity problem of eigenmatrix, which makes the direct implementation of the NPE algorithm almost impossible. In practice, principal component analysis or singular value decomposition is applied as a preprocessing step to attack these problems. Nevertheless, this strategy may discard dimensions that contain important discriminative information and the eigensystem computation of NPE could be unstable. Towards a practical dimensionality reduction method for face data, we develop a new scheme in this paper, namely, the complete neighborhood preserving embedding (CNPE). CNPE transforms the singular generalized eigensystem computation of NPE into two eigenvalue decomposition problems. Moreover, a feasible and effective procedure is proposed to alleviate the computational burden of high dimensional matrix for typical face image data. Experimental results on the ORL face database and the Yale face database show that the proposed CNPE algorithm achieves better performance than other feature extraction methods, such as Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces and NPE, etc.