Object-Z: a specification language advocated for the description of standards
Computer Standards & Interfaces - Special issue on formal description techniques
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
The Object-Z specification language
The Object-Z specification language
Refinement in Z and object-Z: foundations and advanced applications
Refinement in Z and object-Z: foundations and advanced applications
Formal Object-Oriented Development
Formal Object-Oriented Development
Using Design Patterns to Derive PAC Architectures from Object-Z Specifications
TOOLS '99 Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages
Reuse of specification patterns with the B method
ZB'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Formal specification and development in Z and B
A rigorous foundation for pattern-based design models
ZB'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Formal Specification and Development in Z and B
Compositional class refinement in object-z
FM'06 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Formal Methods
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Static variables and methods are part of almost every modern object-oriented programming language. Static elements are for instance indispensable for certain kinds of design patterns applied during programming. Object-oriented specification formalisms on the other hand lack such concepts. This can prevent writing formal specifications close to the actual implementation, and can thus hamper a refinement-based stepwise development. In this paper, we extend the state-based object-oriented specification language Object-Z with a concept for static class elements. We furthermore show how refinement can introduce static elements into a specification.