Why interaction is more powerful than algorithms
Communications of the ACM
Challenges and Research Directions in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Towards a Methodology for Engineering Self-Organising Emergent Systems
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Self-Organization and Autonomic Informatics (I)
Formal Development of Self-organising Systems
ATC '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted Computing
Emergent Properties Do Not Refine
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Mobile agent systems and cellular automata
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
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Systems which exhibit emergent behaviour, i.e., behaviour not determined by the behaviours of the constituents when considered in isolation, are becoming more common due to increasing use of distributed and decentralised designs. There have been claims that formal methods, and particularly refinement, can not be used to derive systems with emergent behaviour. In this paper, however, we argue that they can. To prove the point, we perform a refinement of an oft-cited example of emergence: the 'glider' pattern from Conway's Game of Life.