The curse of copy&paste Cloning in requirements specifications

Authors:
Christoph Domann;Elmar Juergens;Jonathan Streit
Affiliations:
Itestra GmbH Kaufering, Germany;Institut für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Germany;Itestra GmbH Kaufering, Germany
Venue:
ESEM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Year:
2009

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Abstract

Cloning in source code is a well known quality defect that negatively affects software maintenance. In contrast, little is known about cloning in requirements specifications. We present a study on cloning in 11 real-world requirements specifications comprising 2,500 pages. For specification clone detection, an existing code clone detection tool is adapted and its precision analyzed. The study shows that a considerable amount of cloning exists, although the large variation between specifications suggests that some authors manage to avoid cloning. Examples of frequent types of clones are given and the negative consequences of cloning, particulary the obliteration of commonalities and variations, are discussed.