Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
The impact of spatial correlation on routing with compression in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Topology control in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Networking Wireless Sensors
Maximizing the functional lifetime of sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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Energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is an important topic, given the scarcity of resources of the node platforms. This work analyzes the relation between the increase in lifetime and the connectivity properties of a new topology control mechanism for wireless sensor networks. It is possible to extend the functional lifetime of a network by controlling its topology through a scheme that sets nodes to sleep, though at the expense of performance loss in other metrics. But even when controlling its topology, for a network to work it should remain connected at all times. Given the base network lifetime and its desired extension factor, this paper provides formulae for the required density of nodes to be deployed in order to keep the network connected with a given probability. The network connectivity is analyzed under Boolean and lognormal shadowing models for the communication channel and stochastic simulations corroborate the derived formulae. Using the proposed topology control mechanism and by adjusting the density of the node deployment, the lifetime of a network can be extended in a simple, autonomous, and scalable way.