Routing in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Network coding for efficient communication in extreme networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Multi-hop cellular networks: Architecture and protocols for best-effort and real-time communication
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Network coding: an instant primer
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
XORs in the air: practical wireless network coding
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Simplifying fault diagnosis in locally managed rural WiFi networks
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions
ParaNets: A Parallel Network Architecture for Challenged Networks
HOTMOBILE '07 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications
The Design and Evaluation of Unified Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
On the implications of routing metric staleness in delay tolerant networks
Computer Communications
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems: iCAR
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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The availability of Internet services brings many benefits to developing regions, yet Internet deployment levels in these regions remain staggeringly low. In this work we investigate how existing cellular deployments, which have enjoyed more rapid and wider deployment than client Internet infrastructure, could be used to provide very low cost Internet services in underdeveloped rural areas. We propose a new service model in which traffic is delivered over multihop client-to-client connections that are coordinated by end-to-end control traffic exchanged over cellular infrastructure. To enable this scheme in low client density rural settings, we propose a novel data forwarding mechanism for opportunistic space-time paths. To explore multiple opportunistic paths, but without the high forwarding cost of replicating data on these paths, we use network coding and send only a fraction of the data on each path. Through extensive OPNET simulations we show that globally coordinated opportunistic forwarding enables service acceptable to most applications at only a fraction of cellular infrastructure load. We argue that the reduced load on the cellular infrastructure allows additional users to share services and cost of the network and has the potential to lower the per user price of data services in developing regions.