Analysis of moving loads using force-based finite elements
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
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This paper presents the formulation for a novel flexibility-based 1D frame element that captures material and geometrical nonlinearities. Decomposing the total strain to elastic and inelastic components a secant solution strategy based on a direct iterative scheme is introduced and the corresponding solution strategy is demonstrated. Concerning geometrical nonlinearities, the strain and slope of the deformed element are assumed to be small; however the equilibrium equations are satisfied for the deformed element that takes account of P-@D effects. Using Simpson integration scheme along with piecewise interpolation of the curvature, the geometry of the deformed element is consistently updated. The implementation of the formulation in conjunction with a nonlocal damage model for capturing the response of element with softening such as reinforced concrete beam-columns is outlined and the formulation accuracy and efficiency is verified by some numerical examples on reinforced concrete frames.