Kalman filtering: theory and practice
Kalman filtering: theory and practice
Microwave Mobile Communications
Microwave Mobile Communications
Carrier-Frequency Offset Estimation via the EM Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM Iterative Receivers
CNSR '07 Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research
Estimation of channel statistics for iterative detection of OFDM signals
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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In this paper, simultaneous channel estimation, carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation, and data decision are considered for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It is shown that the expectation maximization (EM) approach is complementary to the Kalman filter (KF) approach where the latter provides poor CFO estimation but good channel estimation and the former provides poor channel estimation but good CFO estimation. A hybrid combination of EM and KF approaches is proposed to take advantages of the strengths and avoid the weaknesses of both approaches. Numerical results have shown the hybrid combination is around 1.2dB better than the nonhybrid approaches (EM or KF) in BER performances. The complexity of the hybrid approach is comparable to the KF approach and is much lower than the EM approach.