A control-theoretic approach to flow control
SIGCOMM '91 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architecture & protocols
Distributed Algorithms for Unidirectional Networks
SIAM Journal on Computing
Routing performance in the presence of unidirectional links in multihop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Link-level measurements from an 802.11b mesh network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Comparison of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A line in the sand: a wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Military communications systems and technologies
Temporal properties of low power wireless links: modeling and implications on multi-hop routing
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Kansei: a testbed for sensing at scale
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Models and solutions for radio irregularity in wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
On accurate measurement of link quality in multi-hop wireless mesh networks
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
RBP: robust broadcast propagation in wireless networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Understanding the causes of packet delivery success and failure in dense wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
An analysis of unreliability and asymmetry in low-power wireless links
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
On exploiting asymmetric wireless links via one-way estimation
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
The β-factor: measuring wireless link burstiness
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
Experimental analysis and characterization of a wireless sensor network environment
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
Distributed maintenance of minimum-cost path information in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on Performance monitoring and measurement of heterogeneous wireless and wired networks
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Link asymmetry is one of the unique challenges that wireless sensor networks pose in the design of network protocols. We observe, based on testbed experiments, that a substantial percentage of links are asymmetric, many are even unidirectional. We also find that the reliability of synchronous acknowledgments is considerably higher than that of asynchronous messages. Thus the norm of estimating link quality bidirectionally via asynchronous beacons underestimates the link reliability of asymmetric links. This leads us to investigate how to exploit asymmetric links in order to improve network functions such as convergecast routing in sensor networks via one-way link estimation. We propose a new one-way link metric ETF (for the expected number of transmissions over forward links) and present a local procedure for its estimation. We use ETF to identify reliable forward links, and we use dynamic retransmission thresholding for error control. Via experiments on testbeds of CC1000 radios and CC2420 radios (an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio), we quantify the performance improvement in ETF as compared with ETX. We also study the performance improvement of ETF over ETX when no special mechanism is employed to discover asymmetric links or to control retransmissions.