Scale-Space Feature Based Image Watermarking in Contourlet Domain

Authors:
Leida Li;Baolong Guo;Jeng-Shyang Pan;Liu Yang
Affiliations:
Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering (ICIE), Xidian University, Xi'an, P.R. China 710071;Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering (ICIE), Xidian University, Xi'an, P.R. China 710071;Department of Electronic Engineering, Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 807;Institute of Intelligent Control and Image Engineering (ICIE), Xidian University, Xi'an, P.R. China 710071
Venue:
Digital Watermarking
Year:
2009

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Geometrically invariant image watermarking using scale-invariant feature transform and K-means clustering

ICCCI'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Computational collective intelligence: technologies and applications - Volume PartI

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Abstract

In scale-space feature based watermarking schemes, the watermark is usually embedded in spatial domain so that watermark robustness is not satisfactory. In this paper, a novel image watermarking scheme is presented by combining scale-space feature based watermark synchronization and nonsubsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT) based watermark embedding. Watermark synchronization is achieved based on the local circular regions, which can be generated using the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT). In the encoder, the watermark is embedded into the NSCT coefficients in a content-based and rotation-invariant manner by odd-even quantization. In the decoder, the watermark can be extracted directly from the local regions using the proposed coefficient property detector (CPD). Simulation results and comparisons show that the proposed scheme can efficiently resist signal processing attacks, geometric attacks as well as some combined attacks.