A Faster Fixed-Parameter Approach to Drawing Binary Tanglegrams

  • Authors:
  • Sebastian Böcker;Falk Hüffner;Anke Truss;Magnus Wahlström

  • Affiliations:
  • Lehrstuhl für Bioinformatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany 07743;Algorithms in Computational Genomics group, School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978;Lehrstuhl für Bioinformatik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany 07743;Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Department 1: Algorithms and Complexity, Saarbrücken, Germany 66123

  • Venue:
  • Parameterized and Exact Computation
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

Given two binary phylogenetic trees covering the same n species, it is useful to compare them by drawing them with leaves arranged side-by-side. To facilitate comparison, we would like to arrange the trees to minimize the number of crossings k induced by connecting pairs of identical species. This is the NP-hard Tanglegram Layout problem. By providing a fast transformation to the Balanced Subgraph problem, we show that the problem admits an O(2 k n 4) algorithm, improving upon a previous fixed-parameter approach with running time O(c k n O(1)) where c ≈ 1000. We enhance a Balanced Subgraph implementation based on data reduction and iterative compression with improvements tailored towards these instances, and run experiments with real-world data to show the practical applicability of this approach. All practically relevant (k ≤ 1000) Tanglegram Layout instances can be solved exactly within seconds. Additionally, we provide a kernel-like bound by showing how to reduce the Balanced Subgraph instances for Tanglegram Layout on complete binary trees to a size of O(k logk).