Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Watermarking in secure image retrieval
Pattern Recognition Letters
A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics
Pattern Recognition
Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
A buyer-seller watermarking protocol
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An efficient and anonymous buyer-seller watermarking protocol
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is a technique to search for images relevant to the user's query from an image collection. In last decade, most attention has been paid to improve the retrieval performance. However, there is no significant effort to investigate the security concerning in CBIR. Under the query by example (QBE) paradigm, the user supplies an image as a query and the system returns a set of retrieved results. If the query image includes user's private information, an untrusted server provider of CBIR may distribute it illegally, which leads to the user's right problem. In this paper, we propose an interactive watermarking protocol to address this problem. A watermark is inserted into the query image by the user in encrypted domain without knowing the exact content. The server provider of CBIR will get the watermarked query image and uses it to perform image retrieval. In case where the user finds an unauthorized copy, a watermark in the unauthorized copy will be used as evidence to prove that the user's legal right is infringed by the server provider.