Improving IPC by kernel design
SOSP '93 Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
SOSP '95 Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Programming semantics for multiprogrammed computations
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Reexamining the Fault Density-Component Size Connection
IEEE Software
Xen and the art of virtualization
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Building a MAC-Based Security Architecture for the Xen Open-Source Hypervisor
ACSAC '05 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Are virtual machine monitors microkernels done right?
HOTOS'05 Proceedings of the 10th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 10
The role of virtualization in embedded systems
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seL4: formal verification of an OS kernel
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Virtualization, well established in enterprise computing, is finding its way into embedded systems. However, the use cases differ dramatically between the domains, and this results in significant differences in the requirements on the virtual-machine technology. This paper examines a number of typical virtualization use cases from the CE domain, and the resulting requirements imposed on the hypervisor. We find that enterprise-style hypervisors are ill-matched to the requirements of the embedded domain, which are characterised by low-overhead communication, real-time capability, small memory footprint, small trusted computing base, and fine-grained control over security. We present the OKL4 hypervisor, a member of the L4 microkernel family, designed for embedded-systems use. We outline OKL4's relevant properties with an emphasis on its security mechanisms, and compare its performance to a version of Xen that has recently been promoted for CE use. We conclude that OKL4 is superior to enterprise-style hypervisors for use in CE devices.