Efficiently computing static single assignment form and the control dependence graph
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Analysis and development of Java Grande benchmarks
JAVA '99 Proceedings of the ACM 1999 conference on Java Grande
The Jalapeño dynamic optimizing compiler for Java
JAVA '99 Proceedings of the ACM 1999 conference on Java Grande
Characterizations of Reducible Flow Graphs
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Adaptive optimization in the Jalapeño JVM
OOPSLA '00 Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2001 conference on Programming language design and implementation
IBM Systems Journal
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High-performance just-in-time compilers for Java need to invest considerable effort before actual code generation can commence. This is in part due to the very nature of the Java Virtual Machine, which is not well matched to the requirements of optimizing code generators. Alternative transportation formats based on Static Single Assignment form should theoretically be superior to virtual machines, but this claim has not previously been validated in practice. This paper revisits the topic and attempts to quantify the effect of using an SSA-based mobile code representation (IR) instead of a virtual-machine based one. To this end, we have integrated full support for a verifiable SSA-based IR into Jikes RVM, an existing Java execution environment. The resulting system is capable of loading and executing Java programs represented in either format, traditional JVM bytecode as well as the SSA-based representation, and it can even execute programs made up of a mixture of the two formats. In our implementation, the two alternative just-in-time compilation pipelines share a common low-level code generator. Performance results are encouraging and show simultaneous improvements in both compilation time and code quality relative to Jikes RVM's standard optimizing compiler for JVM class files. They support the hypothesis that SSA-based intermediate representations offer advantages in the context of just-in-time compilation.