ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Annals of discrete mathematics, 24
Iconic indexing using generalized pattern matching techniques
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Iconic indexing by 2-D strings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic text processing
Industrial part recognition using a component index
Image and Vision Computing - Special issue: frequency increase for 1991
Pictorial indexing for an integrated pictorial and textual IR environment
Journal of Information Science
2D C-string: a new spatial knowledge representation for image database systems
Pattern Recognition
Index-based object recognition in pictorial data management
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles
SIGMOD '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Retrieval of similar pictures on pictorial databases
Pattern Recognition
Picture algebra for spatial reasoning of iconic images represented in 2D C-string
Pattern Recognition Letters
A remark on NP-completeness of picture matching
Information Processing Letters
The temporal logic of reactive and concurrent systems
The temporal logic of reactive and concurrent systems
Relational tools to manage pictorial information
Journal of Information Science
Metareasoning in the determination of image interpretation strategies
Pattern Recognition Letters
Application of geometric hashing to iconic database retrieval
Pattern Recognition Letters
Two-dimensional object recognition using multiresolution non-information-preserving shape features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Visual semantics: extracting visual information from text accompanying pictures
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Design and evaluation of algorithms for image retrieval by spatial similarity
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The Quadtree and Related Hierarchical Data Structures
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
TOG on Interface
Wavelets for Computer Graphics: A Primer, Part 1
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image Information Systems: Where Do We Go From Here?
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Multidimensional Indexing for Recognizing Visual Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Query by Visual Example - Content based Image Retrieval
EDBT '92 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Extending Database Technology: Advances in Database Technology
Representing and Retrieving Symbolic Pictures by Spatial Relations
Proceedings of the IFIP TC2/WG 2.6 Second Working Conference on Visual Database Systems II
Structural Descriptions and Inexact Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Iterative refinement by relevance feedback in content-based digital image retrieval
MULTIMEDIA '98 Proceedings of the sixth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Using global colour features for general photographic image indexing and retrieval
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluating a content based image retrieval system
Proceedings of the 24th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Shaped-based image retrieval by spatial topology distances
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM workshops on Multimedia: multimedia information retrieval
Efficient Matching and Indexing of Graph Models in Content-Based Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Virtual Images for Similarity Retrieval in Image Databases
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Robust Image Retrieval Based on Texture Information
MDIC '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimedia Databases and Image Communication
Behind the Image Sequence: The Semantics of Moving Shapes
IWVF-4 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Visual Form
Color and Shape Index for Region-Based Image Retrieval
IWVF-4 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Visual Form
ExSight: Highly Accurate Object Based Image Retrieval System Enhanced by Redundant Object Extraction
WAIM '00 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Web-Age Information Management
Block-Constrained Fractal Coding Scheme for Image Retrieval
VISUAL '99 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Visual Information and Information Systems
Constraint Satisfaction for Reconciling Heterogeneous Tree Databases
DEXA '00 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Fast retrieval of isolated visual shapes
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Hierarchical Content Description and Object Formation by Learning
CBAIVL '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries
Image Content-Based Retrieval Using Chromaticity Moments
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Automatic Selection of Illustrations for Teaching Image Processing
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Region-based image retrieval using integrated color, shape, and location index
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on color for image indexing and retrieval
Dynamic learning from multiple examples for semantic object segmentation and search
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Pattern Recognition Letters
A robust color object analysis approach to efficient image retrieval
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Image retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A Method of Graphics Composition Using Differential SVG Documents
KES '08 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part II
BALAS: Empirical Bayesian learning in the relevance feedback for image retrieval
Image and Vision Computing
Image browsing and navigation using hierarchical classification
IM'99 Proceedings of the 1999 international conference on Challenge of Image Retrieval
Text-image interaction for image retrieval and semi-automatic indexing
IRSG'98 Proceedings of the 20th Annual BCS-IRSG conference on Information Retrieval Research
Applying spatial distribution analysis techniques to classification of 3D medical images
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Structured representations in a content based image retrieval context
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Computing
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To efficiently solve the image retrieval problem in an image database, many techniques have been devised addressing the requirements of different applications. Present information management systems exploit these techniques to allow querying of pictorial documents archives. To do this, the first step is to extract relevant keys from the image content itself, so that images are not treated as illustrative appendices of textual documents. Even more important, the search process is not restricted to external attributes such as the storing date or the archive number. The kind of characteristics used to build the database index depends on the users' information needs for a given cognitive environment. Currently, the focus is on image color statistics and patterns (textures), on shapes and their spatial relations, or on a combination of these. This paper reviews indexing methods that are significant examples of techniques presently used.