Advances in Petri nets 1986, part I on Petri nets: central models and their properties
A Characterization of the Stochastic Process Underlying a Stochastic Petri Net
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Splitting for rare-event simulation
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
State Observer for DES Under Partial Observation with Time Petri Nets
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems
Efficient multisensory barrier for obstacle detection on railways
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Level crossings (LCs) are identified as critical security points in both road and rail infrastructures. Statistics show that more than 300 people are killed every year in Europe in more than 1200 accidents occurring at LCs. In this paper, we first propose a global model involving both rail and road traffic in the LC area. This model is obtained by a progressive integration of elementary models that we developed, each of which describes the behavior of a part in the whole LC environment. We are more precisely interested in a particular phenomenon that may cause collisions at LCs and corresponds to the accumulation of vehicles' waiting queues at the LC exit zone. As a notation, we use stochastic Petri nets (SPNs) in such a way as to precisely reflect the system's dynamics. Second, the simulation of the global system behavior is performed in light of the behavioral model while adopting the Monte Carlo principle. The TimeNet tool is used as a simulator that allows the monitoring of risky situations. To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the effect of various factors on the risk level, setup tasks are undertaken. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed and interpreted. This analysis makes it possible to consider some solutions to reduce the incurred risk.