A comprehensive evaluation of indoor ranging using ultra-wideband technology
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Super-resolution TOA estimation with diversity for indoor geolocation
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Modeling the statistical time and angle of arrival characteristics of an indoor multipath channel
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Ranging in a dense multipath environment using an UWB radio link
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Robust noise filtering in wideband frequency-invariant beamforming with uniform circular arrays
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Automatic and robust breadcrumb system deployment for indoor firefighter applications
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
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Fine time resolution enables ultrawideband (UWB) ranging systems to extract the first multipath arrival corresponding to the range between a transmitter and receiver, even when attenuated in strength compared to later arrivals. Bearing systems alone lack any notion of time and in general select the strongest arrival which is rarely the first one in nonline-of-sight conditions. Complementing UWB ranging systems with bearing capabilities allows indexing the arrivals as a function of both time and angle in order to isolate the first, providing precision range and angle. However, that precision degrades with the increasing presence of walls and other objects which distort the properties of the first arrival. In order to gauge the physical limits of the joint UWB system, we design and assemble a spatial-temporal channel sounder using a vector network analyzer coupled to a virtual antenna array, and conduct 200 experiments to measure the time- and angle-of-flight. The experiments are carried out in both line-of-sight and nonline-of-sight conditions up to an unprecedented 45 meters throughout four separate buildings with dominant wall material varying from sheet rock to steel. In addition, we report performance for varying bandwidth and center frequency of the system. We find that operating at a bandwidth of 4 GHz suffices in resolving multipath in most buildings and in excess shows virtually no improvement. While the range error decreases at lower center frequencies, the higher frequencies offer better angular resolution and so smaller angle error.