ML estimation of time and frequency offset in OFDM systems
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A consistent OFDM carrier frequency offset estimator based on distinctively spaced pilot tones
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
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A novel carrier frequency offset tracking scheme for Multilevel Quadrature Amplitude Modulation-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MQAM-OFDM) systems is proposed using a designed conjugate code composed of MQAM mapping values and their complex conjugates which can also reduce Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The peak power is reduced by phase cancellation in the conjugate pairs avoiding accumulation of too much same phase subcarriers. A likelihood function is deduced from the conjugate code to estimate the phase offset caused by Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO). A novel Multicarrier Phase Locked Loop (MPLL) is described tracking the frequency offset in time and frequency domain. The algorithm performance was investigated in a designed system showing that the proposed scheme can reduce the PAPR of the system effectively and track the frequency offset in high precision.