Bivariate instantaneous frequency and bandwidth

  • Authors:
  • Jonathan M. Lilly;Sofia C. Olhede

  • Affiliations:
  • Earth and Space Research, Seattle,WA;Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

The generalizations of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth to a bivariate signal are derived. These are uniquely defined whether the signal is represented as a pair of real-valued signals or as one analytic and one anti-analytic signal. A nonstationary but oscillatory bivariate signal has a natural representation as an ellipse whose properties evolve in time, and this representation provides a simple geometric interpretation for the bivariate instantaneous moments. The bivariate bandwidth is shown to consist of three terms measuring the degree of instability of the time-varying ellipse: amplitude modulation with fixed eccentricity, eccentricity modulation, and orientation modulation or precession. An application to the analysis of data from a free-drifting oceanographic float is presented and discussed.