Transaction management in the R* distributed database management system
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Transactional information systems: theory, algorithms, and the practice of concurrency control and recovery
A New Presumed Commit Optimization for Two Phase Commit
VLDB '93 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Notes on Data Base Operating Systems
Operating Systems, An Advanced Course
Efficient commit protocols for the tree of processes model of distributed transactions
PODC '83 Proceedings of the second annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
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State-of-the-art OLTP systems execute distributed transactions using XA-2PC protocol, a presumed-abort variant of the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) protocol. While the XA specification provides for the Read-Only and 1PC optimizations of 2PC, it does not deal with another important optimization, coined Nested 2PC. In this paper, we describe the Logging Last Resource (LLR) optimization in Oracle WebLogic Server (WLS). It adapts and improves the Nested 2PC optimization to/for the Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) environment. It allows reducing the number of forced (synchronous) writes and the number of exchanged messages when executing distributed transactions that span multiple transactional resources including a SQL database integrated as a JDBC datasource. This optimization has been validated in SPECjAppServer2004 (a standard industry benchmark for JEE) and a variety of internal benchmarks. LLR has been successfully deployed by high-profile customers in mission-critical high-performance applications.