Letters to the editor: go to statement considered harmful
Communications of the ACM
An axiomatic basis for computer programming
Communications of the ACM
Böhm and Jacopini's reduction of flow charts
Communications of the ACM
Introduction to mathematical theory of computation
Introduction to mathematical theory of computation
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A ''while program'' [Z. Manna, ''Introduction to Mathematical Theory of Computations,'' to appear] is a simple abstract model of a ''GOTO-less program.'' Some flowcharts, however, can not be translated into while programs in a certain sense [D. E. Knuth and R. W. Floyd, Notes on avoiding GOTO statements, Information Processing Letters 1 (1971), 23-31]. That is, there exists a flowchart which is not ''congruent'' (or computation-sequence-equivalent) to any while program. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition for translatability of flowcharts into while programs.