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Journal of the ACM (JACM)
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Short PCPs Verifiable in Polylogarithmic Time
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Short PCPs with Polylog Query Complexity
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Universal Arguments and their Applications
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On the concrete efficiency of probabilistically-checkable proofs
Proceedings of the forty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
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In this paper we show for every pair language $L\subseteq \{0,1\}^*\times\{0,1\}^*$ in ${\ensuremath{\mathsf{NTIME}}}(T)$ for some non-decreasing function $T:{{\mathbb Z}}^+\rightarrow {{\mathbb Z}}^+$ there is a ${\ensuremath{\mathsf{PCPP}}}$ -verifier such that the following holds. In time poly (|x|,log|y|,logT(|x|驴+驴|y|)) it decides the membership of a purported word (x,y) by reading the explicit input x entirely and querying the implicit input y and the auxiliary proof of length T(|x|驴+驴|y|)·poly log T(|x|驴+驴|y|) in a constant number of positions.