Computer-supported cooperative work: a book of readings
Computer-supported cooperative work: a book of readings
Principles of pictorial information systems design
Principles of pictorial information systems design
An interface architecture to provide adaptive task-specific context for the user
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Distributed snapshots: determining global states of distributed systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Visual Languages: A Tutorial and Survey
IEEE Software
Visual reasoning for information retrieval from very large databases
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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Users of information systems must deal with a great variety of visualizable objects and patterns of objects. Representations of those objects are distinguished according to five different spaces (physical, logical, software, interface, user-conceptual) within which they may be defined and/or visualized. The conceptual framework, although based in the user's mind, must reflect and transcend the other four spaces. 'Conceptual distance' is proposed as a measure having different effects on the user's required mental effort, depending upon which of the information spaces is involved. The challenge is to determine user-oriented structures and techniques that can be used to display information objects and patterns on the visible surface (interface space), in a manner that will minimize the user's mental (visualization) efforts.