Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Visual Languages: A Tutorial and Survey
IEEE Software
Attributed Programmed Graph Grammars and Their Application to Schematic Diagram Interpretation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Unification-based grammars and tabular parsing for graphical languages
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Parsing visual languages with picture layout grammars
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A formal specification scheme for network diagrams that facilitates automated design
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
An integrated data flow visual language and software development environment
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
On-line web database integration
Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems
A visual programming language for XML manipulation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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Visual programming languages use pictures as programs. One approach to building a visual programming environment is to parameterize a generic environment with a language specification. We describe a mechanism for specifying visual languages that can be used as the basis of a language-independent visual programming environment. Our mechanism is a new type of grammar, called a picture layout grammar. We show how this type of grammar can describe the two-dimensional syntax of a visual language and give an example of its use. A picture layout grammar permits the syntactic structure of visual program to be recovered by parsing. The parsing ability provides the basis of our visual programming environment.