Dynamically inferring, refining, and checking API usage protocols
Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN conference companion on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Mining program workflow from interleaved traces
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
A graph-based approach to API usage adaptation
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Clara: partially evaluating runtime monitors at compile time tutorial supplement
RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification
Mining message sequence graphs
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Mining parametric specifications
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Specification mining in concurrent and distributed systems
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Detecting anomalies in the order of equally-typed method arguments
Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis
Are object protocols burdensome?: an empirical study of developer forums
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Evaluation and usability of programming languages and tools
Mining effective temporal specifications from heterogeneous API data
Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Special issue on Natural Language Processing
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Inferring class level specifications for distributed systems
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Statically checking API protocol conformance with mined multi-object specifications
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Abstractions for validation in action
SFM'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication, and Software Systems: formal methods for model-driven engineering
Dynamic anomaly detection for more trustworthy outsourced computation
ISC'12 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Information Security
Automated inference of models for black box systems based on interface descriptions
ISoLA'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: technologies for mastering change - Volume Part I
Enabledness-based program abstractions for behavior validation
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) - In memoriam, fault detection and localization, formal methods, modeling and design
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Formal specifications are used to identify programming errors, verify the correctness of programs, and as documentation. Unfortunately, producing them is error-prone and time-consuming, so they are rarely used in practice. Inferring specifications from a running application is a promising solution. However, to be practical, such an approach requires special techniques to treat large amounts of runtime data. We present a scalable dynamic analysis that infers specifications of correct method call sequences on multiple related objects. It preprocesses method traces to identify small sets of related objects and method calls which can be analyzed separately. We implemented our approach and applied the analysis to eleven real-world applications and more than 240 million runtime events. The experiments show the scalability of our approach. Moreover, the generated specifications describe correct and typical behavior, and match existing API usage documentation.