Networks with trainable amplitude of activation functions
Neural Networks
Approximation by fully complex multilayer perceptrons
Neural Computation
The quaternion LMS algorithm for adaptive filtering of hypercomplex processes
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Complex Valued Nonlinear Adaptive Filters: Noncircularity, Widely Linear and Neural Models
Complex Valued Nonlinear Adaptive Filters: Noncircularity, Widely Linear and Neural Models
Nonlinear adaptive prediction of nonstationary signals
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The complex backpropagation algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Education
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A split quaternion learning algorithm for the training of nonlinear finite impulse response adaptive filters for the processing of three- and four-dimensional signals is proposed. The derivation takes into account the non-commutativity of the quaternion product, an aspect neglected in the derivation of the existing learning algorithms. It is shown that the additional information taken into account by a rigorous treatment of quaternion algebra provides improved performance on hypercomplex processes. A rigorous analysis of the convergence of the proposed algorithms is also provided. Simulations on both benchmark and real-world signals support the approach.