Recovering the long-range links in augmented graphs

  • Authors:
  • Pierre Fraigniaud;Emmanuelle Lebhar;Zvi Lotker

  • Affiliations:
  • CNRS and University Paris Diderot, France;CNRS and University Paris Diderot, France;Ben Gurion University, Israel

  • Venue:
  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

The augmented graph model, as introduced in Kleinberg, STOC (2000) [23], is an appealing model for analyzing navigability in social networks. Informally, this model is defined by a pair (H,@f), where H is a graph in which inter-node distances are supposed to be easy to compute or at least easy to estimate. This graph is ''augmented'' by links, called long-range links, that are selected according to the probability distribution @f. The augmented graph model enables the analysis of greedy routing in augmented graphs G@?(H,@f). In greedy routing, each intermediate node handling a message for a target t selects among all its neighbors in G the one that is the closest to t in H and forwards the message to it. This paper addresses the problem of checking whether a given graph G is an augmented graph. It answers part of the questions raised by Kleinberg in his Problem 9 (Int. Congress of Math. 2006). More precisely, given G@?(H,@f), we aim at extracting the base graph H and the long-range links R out of G. We prove that if H has a high clustering coefficient and H has bounded doubling dimension, then a simple local maximum likelihood algorithm enables us to partition the edges of G into two sets H^' and R^' such that E(H)@?H^' and the edges in H^'@?E(H) are of small stretch, i.e., the map H is not perturbed too greatly by undetected long-range links remaining in H^'. The perturbation is actually so small that we can prove that the expected performances of greedy routing in G using the distances in H^' are close to the expected performances of greedy routing using the distances in H. Although this latter result may appear intuitively straightforward, since H^'@?E(H), it is not, as we also show that routing with a map more precise than H may actually damage greedy routing significantly. Finally, we show that in the absence of a hypothesis regarding the high clustering coefficient, any local maximum likelihood algorithm extracting the long-range links can miss the detection of @W(n^5^@e/logn) long-range links of stretch @W(n^1^/^5^-^@e) for any 0